At the 2006 Worldwide Developers Conference, Apple promised support for 64-bit processing in both Cocoa and Carbon programming environments. Then, at the 2007 WWDC held last week — and only six months before the release of its new operating system — Apple quietly let it be known that its much-hyped support for 64-bit applications will not be extended to the Carbon programming environment. Only apps written with the newer Cocoa toolkit will be able to support 64-bit processing from top to bottom.

A wiki has been set up as a sort of ad hoc FAQ about the change of course, including this bit of reasoning from Apple’s Eric Schlegel: “Fundamentally, Apple engineering is focused on Cocoa much more than Carbon, and Apple’s engineering management made the decision to un-support 64-bit Carbon to emphasize that fact.”

Cocoa is the environment that gives newer Mac applications that unique Mac “look and feel.” So, while this change won’t affect the Apple developers who have already switched to Cocoa, there are several niche areas of software development where Carbon is still preferred — mostly in the fields of science and media populated by older, long-time Mac developers. These developers will have to switch toolkits and perform a significant amount of work if they want their apps to be able to work in Leopard’s 64-bit environment.

As a Carbon developer named Jerry notes on the Carbon-dev list, there’s “no chance” he’s going to switch toolkits:

“I’m one of the niche people who need 64-bit - we deal with 200+GB images all day. We’re using a cross-platform toolkit to run on Mac, Windows and Linux, The Mac stuff is all Carbon-based and this is going to be a real blow and will probably spell the end for our product on the Mac. The other platforms already have 64 bit versions - we’ve just been waiting for 64 bit support on the Mac. I suspect the Mac version of our app is probably just going to fade away.”

And this from a developer named Larry: “…You can’t just convert a framework that’s based on a set of APIs to wrap a completely different framework that requires a completely different approach to application design and uses a different language (Objective-C). At least not quickly…”

This thread from the Carbon-dev list is peppered with further negative reactions from Apple developers.

Now everything seems to have changed! KDE4 will have new Seperate file manager called Dolphin.

KDE4 is scheduled to be released in October 2007 and will have a lot of updates from the current release. It will be using QT4, which according to many sources will increase the desktop performance by 20-30%.

aRts will be kicked and be replaced by Phonon Framework, which will enable developers to easily code applications to use backends like XINE, GStreamer easily.

On the visual front, the new default icon set will be called Oxygen, which look quite neat and are easy on the eyes. Then there is a new combined desktop and panel interface called Plasma, which also has neat support for widgets!

Not to be forgotten is that QT4 has good support for Windows and Mac, so we can hope there will be a port of KDE for Windows!

Everything seems interesting as of now, lets wait and watch when the Betas are released.

* at
o Runs a command or script at a given time
* atq
o Shows the jobs that are scheduled to run
* atrm
o Used to remove a job that is scheduled to run
* batch
o Runs a command or script and is really a subset of the at command that takes you to the at>prompt if you type only batch
* cat
o Displays the contents of a file to the screen
* cd
o Changes to another directory
* chgrp
o Changes the group associated with one or more files to a different group
* chmod
o Controls file security
* chown
o Changes file ownership
* chsh
o Sets your login shell
* cmp
o Used to compare two files
* cp
o Copies a file to another directory (and you can rename the file at the same time)

* df
o Shows a report of how the disk space is used
* dump
o Backs up files
* edquota
o Used to edit disk quotas associated with user accounts
* fdisk
o Formats and partitions a disk
* file
o Displays the file type
* find
o Used to find specific files
* fsck
o Performs a verification of the file system
* grep
o Searches for a particular string of characters in a file
* groupadd
o Creates a new group
* groupdel
o Deletes an existing group
* groupmod
o Modifies an existing group
* info
o Displays information and documentation about a command or a utility
* kbconfig
o Used to configure a keyboard
* kbdrate
o Sets the repeat rate for the keyboard
* kill
o Stops a process
* less
o Shows the contents of a file, with the ability to go back or more ahead in the file
* ln
o Creates symbolic file links
* lpd
o Configures a printer
* lpq
o Used to check a print queue
* lpr
o Prints a file
* lprm
o Removes print jobs from the queue
* ls
o Lists the contents of a directory
* man
o Displays documentation in Linux
* mkdir
o Creates a directory
* more
o Displays text in a file one screen at a time
* mount
o Lists the disks currently mounted; also mounts file systems and devices
* mv
o Moves a file to a different directory
* newfs
o Creates a new file system
* passwd
o Used to change a password
* pr
o Used to format a file into pages or columns for printing
* printenv
o Prints environment variables that are already set up

* ps
o Shows currently running processes
* pwck
o Checks the /etc/ passwd and /etc/shadow files to make sure password authentication entries are valid
* pwd
o Shows the directory you are in
* quota
o Displays the disk quota for users
* quotacheck
o Verifies the disk quota files, including reporting disk usage
* quotaon/quotaoff
o Enables or disables disk quotas
* repquota
o Makes a report of disk quotas
* restore
o Restores files (from a dump)
* rm
o Removes a file or directory
* rmdir
o Deletes a directory that is empty
* sort
o Sorts the contents of a text file
* swapon/swapoff
o Turns page file devices on or off
* sync
o Forces information in memory to be written to disk
* tar
o Used to archive files
* top
o Shows a report of the main, current processes engaging the central processing unit (CPU)
* touch
o Creates an empty file
* umount
o Dismounts a file system
* uname
o Shows information about the operating system
* useradd
o Configures a new user account
* userdel
o Removes an existing user account
* usermod
o Modifies an existing user account
* vmstat
o Displays a report about virtual memory use
* whereis
o Used to locate information about a specific file, such as a program

Network Commands

* finger
o Provides information about a user
* ftp
o Enables file transfers
* ifconfig
o Used to set up a network interface
* ipchains
o Used to manage a firewall
* netstat
o Shows network connection information
* nfsstat
o Shows statistics for Network File System (NFS) file upload and download activity
* nslookup
o Used to query information on Internet Domain Name System (DNS) servers
* ping
o Used to poll a TCP/IP node to verify you can communicate with it
* route
o Displays routing table information and can be used to configure routing
* showmount
o Shows clients that have mounted volumes on a NFS server
* who
o Shows who is logged on
* wvdial
o Controls a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)-based modem dialer

• The game, the application, or the firmware may not be installed correctly.
• The game, the application, or the firmware may cause system instability.
• The primary functions of the game, the application, or the firmware may not work correctly.

This update is cumulative and supersedes update 929427. In addition to the fixes that are contained in update 929427, this update improves support in Windows Vista for the following games, applications, and firmware:

• Lenovo Presentation Director 1.0.0.1
• ACDSee 8
• Trend Micro Internet Security 2006 (PC-cillin) 14.0 – 14.59
• Trend Micro Internet Security 2007 (PC-cillin) 15.0 – 15.19
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 (SP1) Administration Tools Pack
• RealNetworks RealPlayer 6.0.12
• AOL Safety and Security Center 2.5.4.1
• Toshiba Tecra M7 1.70

This update also includes fixes that are contained in update 929427. These fixes improve support in Windows Vista for the following applications:

• IBM Rescue and Recovery with Rapid Restore 3.00
• Rosetta Stone 2.1.3
• Microsoft Encarta Standard 2007
• Family Feud Online Party
• Crystal Player Professional 1.97
• Adobe Photoshop 7.0.1
• Total Commander 6.55
• Sony FeliCa Port (PaSoRi) 3.0.0.0
• Label Mighty 6
• AVG Anti-Spyware 7.5.0.47
• LEGO Star Wars
• HD Tach 3
• Adobe Photoshop Elements Version 4.0
• Digital Zenkoku Map Townpage Database 7
• Auslogics Disk Defrag 1.0.3
• EasyRecovery Professional Version 6.04
• Microsoft Money 2005
• Microsoft Money 2006
• SmartInstall 2.16
• Adobe Creative Suite CS2
• Jv16 Power Tools
• SG TCP Optimizer 2.0.3
• CyberLink PowerCinema 4.0
• Google Desktop 4.2006.1008
• Roxio Easy Media Creator 7.5
• Adobe Premiere Elements 3
• Battlefield 2 Deluxe
• Opera 9.02
• Palm Desktop 6.0
• Microsoft Digital Image Suite 2006
• Microsoft Flight Simulator X
• IBM SmartSuite Millennium Edition - Freelance Graphics 9.8
• LimeWire 4.12
• Calyx Point 5.3
• Bitvise Tunnelier 4.20
• Sun Microsystems Java Control Panel
• Azureus 1.0
• HD Tune 2.5.1
• BeatJam 2006 SE
• Justsystems Ichitaro 2006
• Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0
• ArcSoft PhotoImpression 5
• Sun Microsystems J2SE Runtime Environment 5.0 Update 9
• AOL 9.0 - x64
• Microsoft DevStudio 9.0
• The Weather Channel Desktop 5.0.1
• Absolute Poker Version 5.7
• BitLord 1.1.5.6
• SpeedFan 4.31
• Delphi 7 Professional
• TweakNow PowerPack 2006
• Microsoft Office 2003 Web Folders
• Microsoft Office Outlook 2003
• Ulead DVD MovieFactory 5 Plus
• Virtual CD 8
• Macromedia Fireworks MX2004 7.0.2.295
• Doranet Kids Nyugaku Jyunbi Taikenban
• Doranet Shogaku Ichinensei Taikenban
• Minna de TV Denwa Starter
• Power Utility - Remote administration 3.1.0.0
• MotionDV STUDIO 5.8J for FUJITSU
• Softex OmniPass 1.0.0.1
• Minna de TV Phone Starter 2.1.0.1
• Macromedia ColdFusion MX 7 Enterprise Edition
• Microsoft Age of Empires III
• Microsoft Age of Empires III : The WarChiefs Expansion Pack
• Microsoft Zoo Tycoon 2
• Microsoft Zoo Tycoon 2: African Adventure Expansion Pack
• Microsoft Zoo Tycoon 2: Endangered Species Expansion Pack
• Microsoft Zoo Tycoon 2: Marine Mania Expansion Pack
• Microsoft Zoo Tycoon 2: Zookeeper Collection Expansion Pack
• Microsoft Rise of Nations: Rise of Legends
• Microsoft Fable: The Lost Chapters
• Microsoft Dungeon Siege II
• Microsoft Dungeon Siege: Legends of Aranna

This is also a major update for those using the Windows Server 2003 since service pack 2 offers better performance and features.

Microsoft has also released the Wireless Protected Access 2 update for Windows XP x64 editions.

Other features and updates include:

• Native support for Windows PE as a boot operating system
• Native support for the Windows Imaging (WIM) file format
• An extensible and better- performing PXE server component
• A new client boot menu for selecting boot operating systems
• Windows Server 2003 R2, Datacenter Edition with SP2
• Windows Server 2003 R2, Datacenter x64 Edition with SP2
• Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition with SP2 for Itanium-based Systems

For the download and more information about the service packs, visit the Microsoft website.

“We are ramping production on our GeForce 8 family of laptop GPUs, the industry’s first DirectX 10 and high-definition video GPU for laptops. GeForce 8 will be the only DX10 GPU shipping in the upcoming Santa Rosa laptop launch,” Mr. Huang said.

The DirectX 10 is the Microsoft’s latest suite of multimedia application programming interfaces (APIs), which improves computer’s in-game and multimedia performance, compared to previous DirectX 9. Many of the PC games scheduled for release in 2007 have been designed to exploit the new graphics features of DirectX 10.

The list applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Vista.

The certification is a sign that the application in question has passed Microsoft’s rigorous testing program and is “Vista capable”. Four core areas have been targeted for this, namely reliability, security, compatibility with Windows Vista and future operating systems, and installation and removal.

On the other hand, the “Works with Windows Vista” logo is a compatibility designation that is designed to encourage Windows Vista compatibility for the current generation of Windows-based applications.

Microsoft says that new applications are being added on a regular basis, and that there are many softwares out there that are missing the certifications, yet work with Vista.

[ Source ]

What makes Sabayon differs from any other Gentoo distro is that the initial install is made using pre-compiled binary packages, instead of installing the entire operating system from the source code.

The distribution is currently available for x86 and x86-64 platforms. Sabayon uses the Portage system from Gentoo for package management, meaning that all updates are inline with Gentoo’s portage tree.

The Saboyan DVD is a Live disk, meaning it can be booted and run off the disc without installation. But once fully booted, it can also be installed on the hard disk.

Sabayon Linux includes many up-to-date features for the demanding user. Currently AIGLX, XGL, and Beryl are on the optical disk and can be turned on from the isolinux boot prompt.

SaboyanLinux 3.26 can be downloaded from the Linux Tracker.

General

• assoc
• Used to view and change file extension associations in Windows
• at
• Enables you to schedule one or more programs to run at a designated date and time
• attrib
• Enables you to view the attributes set for a file and to change one or more attributes
• break
• Causes the system to check for a break key only during standard operations, such as while making input or output (break off) or during all program execution options (break on)
• cacls
• Enables you to set, edit, or view the security permissions associated with a directory or file
• cd or chdir
• Enables you to change to a different folder or to view the name of the current folder
• chcp
• Used to view the currently active code page number or to set a different code page number
• chkdsk
• Used to report the disk file system statistics and to correct file system errors such as lost clusters (for FAT and NTFS)
• chkntfs
• Used to report the disk file system statistics and to correct file system errors such as lost clusters (only NTFS)
• cls
• Clears the information currently displayed on the screen
• cmd
• Used to start a new NT DOS Virtual Machine (NTDVM) session; a new command line session
• color
• Sets up the foreground and background screen colors
• comp or fc
• Enables you to compare the information in two files or in two sets of files to determine the difference in content
• compact
• Compress files and subfolders within a folder or removes the compression attribute
• convert
• Converts a FAT formatted volume to NTFS at the time a server is booted
• copy
• Copies files from one disk location to another
• date
• Enables you to view the date to reset it
• del or erase
• Deletes specified files on a volume

• dir
• List files and subfolders within a folder
• diskcomp
• Checks the contents of one floppy disk against the contents of another
• diskcopy
• Copies information on a floopy disk to another floppy disk
• diskperf
• Installs, starts, or stops the Performance/System Monitor disk counters
• doskey
• Starts the recall of previously used MS-DOS commands and is used to create command macros
• echo
• Shows an associated message or turns screen messages on or off
• exit
• Used to close the Command Prompt windows session
• find
• Used to find a designated set of characters contained in one or more files
• findstr
• Used to find one ore more sets of characters within a set of files
• format
• Formats a floppy disk
• ftype
• Provides detailed information about file extension associations and it is used to change associations so as to link them with a designated program
• graftabl
• Displays characters and code-page switching for a color display monitor
• help
• Provides a list of command-line commands and is used to display help about a particular command
• keyb
• Enables you to set the keyboard language or layout
• label
• Modifies the label on a disk volume
• md or mkdir
• Used to set up a new folder
• mode
• Sets up parameters for a device or communications port
• more
• Used to limit the display to one screen at a time so that information does not rush by faster than it can be read
• move
• Enables you to move files from one disk to another on the same volume
• path
• Used to establish the path or list of folders to search in order to run a program or command
• popd
• Deletes a specified drive letter that was temporarily created by pushd
• print
• Prints a designated file
• prompt
• Modifies the format of the command prompt shown in the Command Prompt window
• pushd
• Changes the path and directory specified and stores the current path and directory for later reference
• rd or rmdir
• Deletes a folder or subfolder
• recover
• Enables you to try recovering files and data from a damaged unreadable disk
• regedit or reged32
• Starts the GUI-based registry editor
• ren or rename
• Renames a file or a group of files
• replace
• Compares files in two disks or folders and synchronizes the files in one to those on another
• set
• Shows a list of currently set environment variables and is used to modify those variables
• setlocal
• Used to start command process extensions via a batch file, such as for detecting error-level information
• sort
• Sorts lines input into a file, written to the screen, or sent to a printer from a file
• start
• Starts a new Command Prompt window in which to run a program or a command
• subst
• Used to link a path or volume with a designated drive letter
• systeminfo
• Provides a wealth of information about hardware and software (not available in 2000)
• time
• Used to view the time of day and to reset it
• title
• Modifies the title bar of the Command Prompt window
• tree
• Used to show a graphic of the folder and subfolder tree structure
• type
• Shows a file’s contents on the screen or sends teh contents of a file
• ver
• Shows the current version of the operating system
• verify
• Instructs the operating system to verify the each file is accurately written to disk at time it is created, copied, moved, or updated
• vol
• Used to view the volume label, if there is one, and the volume serial number
• xcopy
• Designed as a fast copy program for files, folders, and subfolders

Network Commands

• ipconfig
• Displays information about the TCP/IP setup
• net accounts
• Used to change account policy settings and to synchronize BDCs
• net computer
• Adds or removes a computer in a domain
• net config
• Shows the started services that can be configured from this command, such as the Server and Workstation services
• net continue
• Resumes a service that has been paused
• net file
• Shows the currently open shared files and file locks and is used to close designated files or to remove file locks
• net group
• Shows the existing global groups and is used to modify those groups
• net help
• Displays help information for the net command
• net helpmsg
• Used to determine the meaning of a numeric network error message
• netlocalgroup
• Shows the exisiting local groups and is used to modify those groups
• net name
• Used to display, add, or remove computer names that can participate in the Messenger service
• net pause
• Pauses a service
• net print
• Used to view and manage queued print jobs by computer, share name, and job number
• net send
• Sends a message to designated users or to all users currently connected to the server
• net session
• Shows the users currently connected to the server and is used to disconnet designated user sessions or all user sessions
• net share
• Used to create, delete, or show information about a shared resource
• net start
• Shows the started services or is used to start a designated service
• net statistics
• Shows the accumulated statistics about the Server or Workstation service
• net stop
• Stops a network service on a server
• net time
• Used to synchronoize the server’s clock with that of another computer in the same or in a different domain, or to view the time as set on another computer in the same or in a different domain
• net use
• Shows information about shared resources or is used to configure, connect, and disconnect shared resources
• net user
• Used to view, add, or modify a user account set up on the server or in a domain
• net view
• Presents a list of domains, the computers and servers in a domain, and all resources shared by a computer in a domain
• nbstat
• Shows the server and domain names registered to the network (used only on server versions)
• netstat
• Used to display information about the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) session at the server
• ping
• Used to poll TCP/IP node to verify you can communicate with it
• tracert
• Used to view the number of hops and other routing information on the path to the specifeid server or host

AMD Athlon 64 3500+ CPU has 2.2GHz clock speed and 512KB L2 cache. The Athlon 64 3800+ is at 2.4GHz with also 512KB L2 cache. Both new 64-bit processors are with 2000MHz HyperTransport bus and are made for socket AM2.

The dual-core Athlon 64 X2 6000+ is a 64-bit processor at 3.0GHz with 2MB of total dedicated L2 cache, and has 2000MHz HyperTransport bus. It uses socket AM2.

AMD also added the Athlon 64 4000+ single-core processor to its pricing list. It is made using 90nm technology and features 64-bit ability, 2.6GHz clock speed, 512KB of L2 cache, 2000MHz HyperTransport bus and socket AM2 interface. It is priced at $102.